Geology
Basic geology, ore deposits, mining districts and regional geology
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Vanadium
Well-known for its use as a steel alloy, vanadium has grown in popularity as a battery metal in recent years.…
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Geology Fundamentals: Metamorphic Rocks
There are three types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. This article is the second in our series on the…
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Helium Mining – Now Is The Time
Introduction Although helium is quite abundant in the universe, it is rather scarce here on Earth. It is so light…
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Helium Commodity Overview
Introduction Helium is a critical commodity for a high-tech world. It is widely known that helium is used for inflation…
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Gemstone Commodity Overview
Gemstones have enchanted humans since ancient times. Gems were believed to be gifts of gods, miracles of nature or stars…
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Geology Fundamentals: Identifying Igneous Rocks in the Field
Many common ore deposit types are igneous: porphyry copper deposits, pegmatites, and layered mafic intrusions, to name a few. While…
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Carbonatite Rare Earth Elements Deposits
Introduction Carbonatites are a special group of carbonate-rich igneous rocks and the world’s primary source of rare earth elements (REE),…
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Pegmatites – Our Greatest Source of Gemstones
Pegmatites are the major source of gem-quality minerals throughout the world. They typically host perfectly clear topazes, tourmalines, beryls and…
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World Phosphate Deposits
Introduction Phosphate Rock (PR) has long been an important agriculture-based commodity. Most soils are phosphate deficient, and with the majority…
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Komatiites and Ni-Cu-PGE deposits
Introduction Komatiites (pronounced ko-ma-tee-ites) are an unusual and very ancient volcanic rock. They are interesting to geologists for their unique…
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